Backyard & Farm Pets Nutrition & Feeding Guide

Good backyard chicken nutrition comes down to a quality layer feed as the base of the diet, supplemented thoughtfully — not a free-for-all of scraps and treats. Getting feeding right directly affects egg production, shell quality, and overall flock health.

Layer Feed Basics

Once hens start laying (typically around 18–20 weeks old depending on breed), they should transition to a complete layer feed formulated with the calcium and protein levels needed for consistent egg production. A general guideline is about a quarter-pound of feed per bird per day, though this varies by breed size and season.

Calcium Supplementation

Even with a good layer feed, offering free-choice crushed oyster shell separately (not mixed into the feed) lets hens self-regulate calcium intake based on their individual laying rate — heavier layers need more calcium than birds laying less frequently.

Grit

Chickens don’t have teeth — they grind food in their gizzard using small stones (grit). Free-ranging birds often pick up enough naturally, but confined birds need grit offered separately to digest food properly.

Treats and Scraps

Many kitchen scraps and garden treats are fine in moderation — leafy greens, fruit, cooked grains — but treats should stay a minor portion of the diet since too much dilutes the nutritional balance of the main feed. Avoid chocolate, avocado skin and pit, raw dried beans, moldy food, and heavily salted or processed foods.

Water

Fresh, clean water available at all times is critical — hens that go without adequate water can stop laying and are at higher risk of heat stress in summer. Water should be checked and refreshed daily, more often in hot weather.

For specific feed brand comparisons, see our Best Food for Backyard & Farm Pets buying guide.

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